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Which of the following is a widely used protocol for secure communication over a computer network?
HTTPS
FTP
SMTP
POP3
HTTPS
HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is an extension of HTTP used for secure communication over a computer network. It ensures data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication by encrypting the communication stream between the web browser and the server.
RFC 2818
HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is an extension of HTTP used for secure communication over a computer network. It ensures data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication by encrypting the communication stream between the web browser and the server.
S=T+H тАФ representing the composition of HTTPS where S is secure, T is transport (TLS/SSL), and H is HTTP.
Security=Encryption+Authentication+Integrity
HTTPS operates by wrapping standard HTTP requests and responses within a TLS (Transport Layer Security) or its predecessor SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) session. The client and server perform a 'handshake' to negotiate encryption algorithms and exchange a symmetric session key, ensuring that the data transmitted via DataencryptedтАЛ=E(Key,DataplainтАЛ) remains secure from eavesdropping.
HTTPS uses TCP port 443 by default.
It protects against Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks.
It relies on X.509 digital certificates to verify server identity.
The transition from HTTP to HTTPS is critical for SEO and user trust.
Data encryption prevents data theft.
Server identity verification via SSL certificates.
Improved search engine ranking (Google preference).
Slight latency overhead due to the TLS handshake process.
Requires purchase and management of SSL/TLS certificates.
E-commerce websites for secure payment processing.
Online banking portals.
Login pages and user authentication forms.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) transmits data in cleartext, making it insecure for sensitive operations.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for email delivery and is typically non-encrypted unless upgraded with STARTTLS.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) is used for receiving email and is insecure without explicit SSL/TLS wrapping.
A is correct тАФ HTTPS provides a secure encrypted channel for data transmission over the internet.
In competitive exams, remember that protocols like FTP, SMTP, and POP3 are legacy protocols that transmit data in plaintext; always look for the 'S' suffix (like HTTPS, FTPS, SMTPS) to identify secure versions.