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Which of the following is an example of an Operating System kernel?
Linux
Google Chrome
Adobe Photoshop
Python
Linux
An Operating System kernel is the central component of an OS that manages hardware-software communication. Linux is a monolithic kernel that handles resource allocation, process management, and device drivers directly.
POSIX.1-2017 (IEEE Std 1003.1)
An Operating System kernel is the central component of an OS that manages hardware-software communication. Linux is a monolithic kernel that handles resource allocation, process management, and device drivers directly.
Total┬аTime=User┬аMode┬аTime+Kernel┬аMode┬аTime
The kernel operates in kernel mode (privileged mode) where it has direct access to CPU and hardware registers. It provides an abstraction layer between hardware and user-level applications via system calls. When a process requires hardware access, it executes a system call to switch context into the kernel, which then executes the requested function with elevated privileges.
The kernel is the first program loaded into memory during system boot.
Linux is a monolithic kernel, while Mach is an example of a microkernel.
A kernel mediates access to physical memory using a Memory Management Unit (MMU).
System calls allow user programs to interact with the kernel.
High performance due to shared address space in monolithic architecture
Direct hardware control and efficient resource management
Kernel bugs can crash the entire system
Complexity in maintenance and development
Embedded systems
Supercomputers and Servers
Cloud computing infrastructure
Google Chrome is a web browser (Application layer).
Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing software (Application layer).
Python is an interpreted high-level programming language (Runtime/Environment layer).
The kernel runs with the highest privilege level, often referred to as Ring 0 on x86 architectures.
A is correct тАФ Linux represents the core kernel component of the Linux operating system family.
Always remember that software layers are hierarchical; the kernel sits closest to the hardware, while browsers and interpreters run in user space relying on the kernel's services.