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Which of the following is commonly used as a refrigerant in domestic refrigerators?
Liquid Nitrogen
Freon
Carbon Dioxide
Ammonia
Freon
Freons, specifically chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), are commonly used as refrigerants in domestic refrigerators due to their chemical stability, low toxicity, and appropriate boiling points. These compounds undergo a phase change process to efficiently absorb heat from the interior of the refrigerator.
Freons, specifically chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), are commonly used as refrigerants in domestic refrigerators due to their chemical stability, low toxicity, and appropriate boiling points. These compounds undergo a phase change process to efficiently absorb heat from the interior of the refrigerator.
Think of a sponge absorbing water; just as the sponge takes in water from a surface, the refrigerant 'sponges' up heat energy from inside the fridge and carries it to the outside.
Q=mтЛЕL
PV=nRT
The cooling process relies on the vapor-compression cycle. The refrigerant is compressed, becomes hot, and then passes through condenser coils where it releases heat and turns into a liquid. It then expands through an expansion valve, causing its temperature to drop drastically as it turns back into a low-pressure gas, absorbing heat from the refrigerator cabinet during the process.
Refrigerants must have a low boiling point to evaporate at sub-zero temperatures.
Modern refrigerators often use R-134a (an HFC) instead of older CFCs to prevent ozone layer depletion.
The phase change from liquid to gas is endothermic, meaning it absorbs thermal energy.
High latent heat of vaporization
Non-corrosive and chemically stable
Low toxicity
CFCs are potent greenhouse gases and cause ozone layer depletion
Requires high-pressure systems
Domestic refrigeration systems
Air conditioning units
Heat pumps
Liquid Nitrogen is primarily used for cryogenics, not domestic fridges.
Ammonia is used in large industrial ice plants but is too toxic for household use.
Carbon Dioxide is used in some specialized cooling systems but operates at very high pressures.
B is correct тАФ Freon is the standard chemical group used as a refrigerant in domestic units due to its favorable thermodynamic properties.
In competitive exams, remember that while Freons were historically used, environmental regulations have shifted preference toward HFCs like R-134a because they do not contain chlorine and thus do not harm the ozone layer.
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