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Which of the following statement(s) is/are true when a beam of white light is incident on a glass prism? (i) The white light undergoes dispersion. (ii) The speed of light remains constant when it goes from air into the prism. (iii) The speed of light decreases as the light goes from air into the prism.
Only (ii)
Both (i) and (iii)
Only (i)
Both (ii) and (iii)
Both (i) and (iii)
When white light enters a glass prism, it undergoes dispersion due to the different refractive indices of light colors, causing them to deviate at different angles. Since glass is optically denser than air, the speed of light decreases significantly upon entering the prism.
When white light enters a glass prism, it undergoes dispersion due to the different refractive indices of light colors, causing them to deviate at different angles. Since glass is optically denser than air, the speed of light decreases significantly upon entering the prism.
Think of light entering a prism like a line of runners moving from a running track (air) into deep mud (glass); they slow down and, if they hit the mud at an angle, they turn, with each runner affected slightly differently.
VIBGYOR (Violet at the bottom, Red at the top of the spectrum)
v=ncтАЛ тАФ where v is the velocity in the medium, c is the speed of light in vacuum, and n is the refractive index.
n=sinrsiniтАЛ тАФ Snell's Law relating incident angle i and refractive angle r.
The refractive index of glass is greater than that of air (nglassтАЛ>nairтАЛ), which slows down the phase velocity of light waves. Because the refractive index is wavelength-dependent (Cauchy's equation), different colors travel at slightly different speeds within the medium, leading to varying angles of deviation according to Snell's Law (n1тАЛsin╬╕1тАЛ=n2тАЛsin╬╕2тАЛ).
Dispersion is the splitting of white light into its constituent seven colors.
Violet light undergoes the maximum deviation while Red light undergoes the minimum deviation.
The frequency of light remains constant when it changes media, but its speed and wavelength change.
Allows for the study of the spectral composition of light sources.
Chromatic aberration in lenses which is a byproduct of dispersion.
Formation of a rainbow in the sky.
Spectroscopy for chemical analysis.
Speed of light in vacuum is approximately 3├Ч108┬аm/s.
Option (ii) is false because light slows down when entering a denser medium (nglassтАЛтЙИ1.5).
B is correct тАФ Both dispersion occurs and the speed of light decreases when entering the denser glass medium.
Always remember that while the velocity and wavelength of light change during refraction, the frequency remains constant as it depends solely on the source.
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