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Which of the following statements regarding the vertical circle of a theodolite is correct?
Both the graduation circle and the Vernier scale are fixed, while the telescope moves.
The graduation circle is fixed, but the Vernier scale moves with the telescope.
Both the graduation circle and the Vernier scale move with the telescope.
The Vernier scale is fixed, but the graduation circle moves with the telescope.
The Vernier scale is fixed, but the graduation circle moves with the telescope.
In a standard theodolite, the vertical circle is rigidly attached to the telescope trunnion axis. As the telescope is moved in the vertical plane (transiting or swinging), the circle rotates with it, while the vernier scale remains fixed to the A-frame of the instrument.
In a standard theodolite, the vertical circle is rigidly attached to the telescope trunnion axis. As the telescope is moved in the vertical plane (transiting or swinging), the circle rotates with it, while the vernier scale remains fixed to the A-frame of the instrument.
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The vertical circle acts as the reference for altitude measurements. Because the vernier scale is attached to the non-rotating standard (A-frame) and the circle moves with the telescope, the relative movement allows the user to read the vertical angle with respect to the horizontal plane.
The vertical circle is integral to the telescope's axis.
Verniers are fixed to the vertical standards to read the circle.
Index error exists if the vernier does not read zero when the line of sight is horizontal.
Essential for measuring zenith or nadir distances.
Allows direct measurement of vertical angles.
Supports computation of heights and distances in surveying.
Susceptible to index error if not properly calibrated.
Requires precise leveling of the instrument for accurate vertical readings.
Trigonometric leveling.
Contouring.
Setting out grades for construction.
The horizontal circle operates differently, where the circle itself can be fixed or rotated independently of the vernier scale using clamping and tangent screws.
Options A, B, and C are incorrect because if both were fixed, no change would be recorded; if both moved, the relative angle would remain static; if the vernier moved, the reference would not be stationary.
D is correct тАФ The vernier scale is fixed, but the graduation circle moves with the telescope.
Remember that for vertical angles, the Vernier is fixed to the standard, but for horizontal angles, both the circle and Vernier can be manipulated via clamps and slow-motion screws.
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