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Which of the following substances has the highest pH value, indicating it is the most basic?
Lemon juice
Pure water
Baking soda solution
Liquid bleach
Liquid bleach
Liquid bleach is the most basic substance among the options, typically possessing a pH between 11 and 13. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where values less than 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and values greater than 7 are basic.
Liquid bleach is the most basic substance among the options, typically possessing a pH between 11 and 13. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where values less than 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and values greater than 7 are basic.
Think of the pH scale like a see-saw: as the concentration of acidic ions goes down, the concentration of basic ions goes up, tipping the scale toward alkalinity.
B-A-S-I-C: Bases Are SoIntense in Chemistry (they reside on the high end of the scale).
pH+pOH=14 тАФ the relationship between pH and pOH in aqueous solutions at 25┬░C
pH=тИТlog10тАЛ[H+] тАФ the mathematical definition of pH
The pH scale is defined by the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration, given by pH=тИТlog[H3тАЛO+]. In basic solutions, the concentration of hydroxide ions [OHтИТ] is significantly higher than that of hydronium ions. Liquid bleach contains sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), which undergoes hydrolysis to produce OHтИТ ions, thus increasing the pH value.
pH 7 is neutral (Pure water).
pH < 7 is acidic (e.g., Lemon juice).
pH > 7 is basic/alkaline (e.g., Baking soda, Liquid bleach).
The scale is logarithmic, meaning a change of 1 pH unit represents a 10-fold change in ion concentration.
Easily quantifiable measurement of chemical activity.
pH does not account for the buffering capacity or concentration of a substance alone.
Pool water maintenance.
Soil health testing for agriculture.
Lemon juice pH is approximately 2.0 to 3.0 (Acidic).
Pure water pH is 7.0 (Neutral).
Baking soda solution pH is approximately 8.3 (Weakly basic).
Liquid bleach pH is typically 11.0 to 13.0 (Strongly basic).
D is correct тАФ Liquid bleach has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions among the options, resulting in the highest pH value.
Remember that the pH scale is logarithmic: an increase of 1 unit indicates a 10-fold decrease in hydrogen ion concentration, making differences between high pH values very significant.