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Which of the following symbols typically represents a fixed resistor in a circuit diagram?
A zig-zag line
A parallel plate capacitor
A circle with an X
A solid arrow
A zig-zag line
A fixed resistor is represented by a zig-zag line in circuit diagrams, signifying an intentional opposition to current flow. This symbol is universally recognized in standardized engineering documentation.
IEC 60617 / IS 2032
A fixed resistor is represented by a zig-zag line in circuit diagrams, signifying an intentional opposition to current flow. This symbol is universally recognized in standardized engineering documentation.
R=╧БALтАЛ тАФ Resistance formula where ╧Б is resistivity, L is length, and A is cross-sectional area.
V=I├ЧR тАФ Ohm's Law relating Voltage V, Current I, and Resistance R.
The zig-zag pattern simulates the path of electrons colliding with lattice ions in a resistive material. According to Ohm's law, this collision process dissipates electrical energy as heat, governed by the resistance R determined by the material resistivity ╧Б, length L, and cross-sectional area A.
Resistors are passive electrical components that implement electrical resistance as a circuit element.
The zig-zag symbol denotes a constant (fixed) value of resistance.
Variable resistors are depicted with an additional arrow crossing the zig-zag line.
Provides a standardized visual shorthand for circuit design.
Simplifies schematic representation for complex networks.
Symbols do not convey specific power rating or tolerance values.
May require supplementary documentation for detailed physical specifications.
Current limiting in LED circuits.
Voltage division in signal processing circuits.
Impedance matching in communication lines.
The zig-zag symbol is standard under IEC and ANSI specifications.
Option B (parallel plates) represents a capacitor.
Option C (circle with an X) typically represents an electric lamp or a generic load.
Option D (solid arrow) is often used to represent current flow direction or a diode terminal.
A is correct тАФ The zig-zag line is the international standard graphical symbol for a fixed resistor in electrical circuit diagrams.
Always distinguish between IEC (zig-zag) and IEEE (rectangular block) symbols for resistors, as both are used in various regional competitive exams.