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Which of the following uses earth or sea for the return path of the current?
Bipolar Link
Monopolar Link
Homopolar Link
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Monopolar Link
A Monopolar HVDC link uses a single conductor (usually negative polarity) for power transmission while utilizing the Earth or the sea as the return path for the current. This configuration is primarily used for submarine cable transmission or cost-effective low-capacity power links.
A Monopolar HVDC link uses a single conductor (usually negative polarity) for power transmission while utilizing the Earth or the sea as the return path for the current. This configuration is primarily used for submarine cable transmission or cost-effective low-capacity power links.
P=VтЛЕI тАФ Represents the power transmission capacity where V is voltage and I is current.
In a monopolar system, power is transferred through one high-voltage conductor. The return circuit is completed via electrodes placed in the Earth or seawater. Because seawater is an excellent conductor, it facilitates the return current with minimal losses, making it ideal for underwater HVDC connections.
Uses one conductor and a ground return.
Commonly used in long-distance submarine cables.
Reduces cable installation costs by 50% compared to bipolar links.
Negative polarity is preferred for the conductor to minimize corona loss and radio interference.
Lower initial capital cost for conductor installation.
Suitable for low to medium power transmission.
Electrolytic corrosion of nearby metallic structures due to ground current.
Interference with telephone and signal lines.
Loss of the link if the single conductor fails (no redundancy).
Submarine HVDC transmission cables.
Early stage HVDC pilot projects.
| Feature | Monopolar | Bipolar |
|---|---|---|
Conductors | 1 | 2 |
Earth return requires two grounding electrode stations, which must be situated far from the converters to prevent soil degradation.
Bipolar links use two conductors of opposite polarity, effectively cancelling ground current in balanced operations.
B is correct тАФ Monopolar HVDC systems are specifically designed to use the Earth or sea as the return current path to minimize infrastructure requirements.
Always remember that in power systems, ground return is only utilized in DC circuits, as AC would cause significant inductive interference and impedance issues with ground/soil.