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Which type of HVDC scheme uses only one conductor?
Homoolar
Bipolar
Monopolar
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Monopolar
A monopolar HVDC scheme utilizes only a single conductor to transmit power between two converter stations, relying on the ground or sea as the return path for the current. This configuration is the simplest and most economical HVDC arrangement but is primarily limited to specific applications due to its reliance on earth return.
A monopolar HVDC scheme utilizes only a single conductor to transmit power between two converter stations, relying on the ground or sea as the return path for the current. This configuration is the simplest and most economical HVDC arrangement but is primarily limited to specific applications due to its reliance on earth return.
P=VdтАЛтЛЕIdтАЛ тАФ Power transmission in HVDC where VdтАЛ is the DC voltage and IdтАЛ is the DC current.
In a monopolar system, power is transmitted via a single pole (either positive or negative polarity) relative to the ground. The ground or seawater provides the return circuit. To operate, two ground electrodes are placed at both ends of the line, allowing the earth to complete the electrical circuit.
Most economical for long-distance subsea transmission where return conductors are prohibitively expensive.
Uses earth or sea as a low-resistance return path.
Commonly used in submarine power cables where the cable insulation is designed for one polarity.
Associated with corrosion issues at electrodes due to DC current flowing through the soil.
Lower capital expenditure due to single conductor usage.
Reduced insulation requirements compared to bipolar systems.
Simplest control and protection scheme.
Earth return can cause interference with nearby telecommunication lines.
Electrolytic corrosion of buried metallic structures and earth electrodes.
No redundancy; failure of the single conductor leads to total power interruption.
Submarine HVDC power transmission.
Low-power transmission over long distances.
Bipolar schemes use two conductors (positive and negative) and are more reliable.
Homopolar schemes use two conductors of the same polarity, both with negative or both with positive polarity.
Back-to-back links have both converter stations in the same location, making the transmission line length negligible.
C is correct тАФ A Monopolar HVDC scheme uses a single conductor for transmission, employing the earth or sea to provide the return path for the current.
Always remember that in monopolar systems, the 'ground' acts as a return conductor, which makes them susceptible to environmental factors like soil resistivity and electrolytic corrosion.