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A Federal State is best characterized by
One-party rule
Rule by military
Total power in the capital
Power shared between central and local governments
None of the above
Power shared between central and local governments
A federal state is defined by a constitutional division of powers between a central authority and constituent political units like states or provinces. This structure ensures that both levels of government derive their authority directly from the constitution rather than from each other.
A federal state is defined by a constitutional division of powers between a central authority and constituent political units like states or provinces. This structure ensures that both levels of government derive their authority directly from the constitution rather than from each other.
Article 1 of the Indian Constitution describes India as a 'Union of States', though it functions with a federal structure featuring a unitary bias, often termed 'Quasi-federal' by K.C. Wheare.
Federalism requires a written, rigid constitution to safeguard the division of powers.
The presence of an independent judiciary is essential to resolve disputes between the center and the states.
India's federal features include bicameralism, supremacy of the constitution, and dual polity.
Option C describes a Unitary Government, where all power is vested in the central government (e.g., United Kingdom).
Option A and B refer to authoritarian or dictatorial forms of governance, which are not categorized by the division of legislative power.
The Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution provides the distribution of legislative subjects into Union, State, and Concurrent lists to maintain federal balance.
Federalism is a basic structure of the Indian Constitution as per the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973).
D is correct тАФ A federal state is defined by the constitutional division of power between the central and regional governments.
When studying federalism, always contrast it with the unitary features of the Indian Constitution, such as the Governor's appointment (Art 155) and Emergency provisions (Arts 352, 356, 360), which reflect the 'Unitary bias' of India's federal system.
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