A heater is rated as 230 V, 10 kW, A.C. The value 230 V refers to ____

Question

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

RMS value

Explanation: Given: A heater is rated at 230 V (Voltage) and 10 kW (Power) for A.C. supply.

Formula Used: $$V_{rms} = \frac{V_{peak}}{\sqrt{2}}$$

Steps: Understanding Standard Ratings: In electrical engineering, whenever an AC supply rating is provided (like 230 V), it refers to the effective value of the voltage, which is the Root Mean Square (RMS) value.. Definition of RMS Value: The RMS value is defined as the equivalent DC voltage that would produce the same amount of heat in a resistance as the given AC voltage.. Applying the Concept: Since power ratings in electrical appliances are based on energy dissipation (heat), the stated voltage must be the RMS value to ensure consistent power calculation ($$P = V_{rms} 	imes I_{rms}$$).

Answer: B is correct because industrial and domestic electrical standards specify that voltage ratings for AC equipment refer to the RMS value, as this represents the effective heating capacity of the supply.

Exam Tip: Always remember that in AC circuits, power calculations are always performed using RMS values ($$V_{rms}$$ and $$I_{rms}$$), never peak or average values unless specifically asked.

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