A source transformation is_________

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Examoogle · Accepted Answer

Bilateral

Explanation: A source transformation is a bilateral technique because the transformation between a voltage source in series with a resistor and a current source in parallel with that same resistor is reversible. This means you can convert a circuit from one form to the other and back again without losing the terminal behavior of the original network.

Working Principle: The principle relies on Thevenin's and Norton's theorems. A voltage source $V_s$ in series with $R_s$ is equivalent to a current source $I_s = \frac{V_s}{R_s}$ in parallel with the same $R_s$. This conversion maintains the same voltage-current (V-I) characteristic at the load terminals regardless of which representation is used, allowing for interchangeable, bidirectional analysis.

Key Formulas: $I_s = \frac{V_s}{R_s}$ — Current source value calculation; $V_s = I_s 	imes R_p$ — Voltage source value calculation

Key Points: Source transformation is only applicable if the source is connected to a linear network.; The internal resistance ($R_s$ or $R_p$) remains constant in both models.; Source transformation cannot be applied directly to a dependent source without considering its controlling variable.; It simplifies circuit analysis by reducing the number of nodes or loops.

Advantages: Reduces the number of nodes/loops in complex circuits.; Makes the application of nodal or mesh analysis simpler.

Disadvantages: Cannot be used to find the voltage across or current through the internal resistor $R_s$ once transformed.; May complicate circuits if not chosen correctly (e.g., converting to parallel sources when nodes are already high).

Applications: Network reduction in DC and AC circuit analysis.; Simplifying circuits to facilitate Thevenin or Norton equivalent calculation.

Additional Info: Source transformation is a 'bilateral' property because the mathematical relationship $V = IR$ holds in both directions.. Unilateral circuits (like those containing diodes) do not satisfy the bidirectional property required for standard source transformation.

Answer: B is correct — Source transformation is a bilateral process as it allows for the bidirectional conversion between Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits.

Exam Tip: Always ensure the load terminals are kept intact during transformation; changing terminal nodes during source transformation will invalidate the circuit analysis.

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