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According to the 2024 Global Environment Outlook report, which specific ecosystem is identified as facing the highest risk of irreversible biodiversity loss due to microplastic pollution?
Coral reefs
Mangrove forests
Alpine meadows
Deep-sea trenches
Coral reefs
The 2024 Global Environment Outlook report identifies coral reefs as the ecosystem facing the highest risk of irreversible biodiversity loss from microplastic pollution.
Microplastic pollution is a pervasive threat to marine biodiversity, with particles smaller than 5 mm accumulating in sensitive coastal habitats. Coral reefs are particularly vulnerable because they rely on delicate symbiotic relationships that are easily disrupted by chemical and physical stressors. The accumulation of plastics in these systems reduces resilience against climate-driven events like ocean acidification and warming. Protecting these ecosystems is essential as they serve as critical natural barriers against storm surges and sea-level rise.
Coral reefs are often referred to as the rainforests of the sea due to their immense biodiversity. In India, major coral reef ecosystems are located in the Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the Lakshadweep archipelago. These areas are legally protected under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
Microplastics are defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in size.
Mangroves and coral reefs provide coastal protection services valued at hundreds of billions of dollars annually.
Plastic accumulation in mangroves can block root systems and stunt growth, while total suffocation by debris is fatal.
At least 10 percent of annual global plastic waste enters the marine environment.
A is correct тАФ The 2024 Global Environment Outlook identifies coral reefs as the ecosystem most at risk of irreversible biodiversity loss due to microplastic pollution.
Remember that coral reefs are the most sensitive 'indicator species' for marine health; if they suffer from plastics, the entire food chain, including humans, faces long-term bioaccumulation risks.
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