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Among five friends A, B, C, D and E, each has a different height. B is taller than C but shorter than D. A is taller than E but shorter than C. Who among them is the second shortest?
A
C
B
D
A
Write down the constraints linearly using symbols (> or <) and combine them into a single chain to identify the relative position.
Write down the constraints linearly using symbols (> or <) and combine them into a single chain to identify the relative position.
Analyze the first constraint
Given that B is taller than C but shorter than D, we can write the sequence as: D > B > C.
Analyze the second constraint
Given that A is taller than E but shorter than C, we can write the sequence as: C > A > E.
Combine the sequences
Linking the two sequences (D > B > C and C > A > E) results in the full ranking: D > B > C > A > E.
Identify the second shortest
In the sequence D > B > C > A > E, the shortest is E and the second shortest is A.
B: C is the middle person, not the second shortest. C: C is the third tallest/shortest in the sequence. D: D is the tallest person in the group.
A is correct because when the constraints are combined into the chain D > B > C > A > E, A occupies the second-to-last position (second shortest).
When dealing with 'taller/shorter' or 'heavier/lighter' questions, always ensure you form a single combined chain before counting positions to avoid mistakes.