Join 60,000+ competitive exam aspirants
or with email
Your Cart
SubtotalтВ╣0
TotalтВ╣0
Examoogle тАв User тАв info@examoogle.com тАв EE-2024-8821
Chapter 1 of 12 тАв Page 1 of 248ЁЯФТ Protected PDF тАв Watermarked
Join 60,000+ competitive exam aspirants
Attended type substations are
Automatically Operated
Manually Operated
Either a or b
None of this
Manually Operated
Attended type substations refer to electrical power substations where operating personnel are physically present on-site to monitor equipment, perform manual switching operations, and respond to alarms. Unlike unattended or remote-controlled substations, these rely on human oversight for operational continuity and safety.
Attended type substations refer to electrical power substations where operating personnel are physically present on-site to monitor equipment, perform manual switching operations, and respond to alarms. Unlike unattended or remote-controlled substations, these rely on human oversight for operational continuity and safety.
P=3тАЛVLтАЛILтАЛcos╧Х тАФ Representative power flow monitored by the operator
The substation operation is governed by human-in-the-loop control. Operators monitor parameters such as voltage levels, current load, and temperature using analog or digital panels. Switching of circuit breakers or isolators for maintenance or reconfiguration is performed manually or via local control panels by the staff.
Attended substations require permanent staffing for 24/7 operation.
Manual intervention is mandatory during emergency fault recovery or periodic maintenance.
Commonly found in older installations or extremely critical grid nodes requiring immediate human judgment.
Reduces the reliance on complex, expensive automated remote telemetry systems for basic functions.
Immediate decision-making capability during faults.
Ability to perform manual equipment maintenance and physical inspections.
Less dependence on complex software/hardware automation.
High operational expenditure (OPEX) due to human labor costs.
Prone to human error compared to automated relay-based systems.
Limited by physical speed and availability of personnel.
Major transmission substations in rural or isolated areas.
Old urban electrical infrastructure undergoing staged modernization.
Critical industrial zones requiring high-reliability supervision.
| Feature | Attended | Unattended |
|---|---|---|
Control Mode | Manual | Automated/Remote |
The trend in modern power systems is shifting from attended substations to SCADA-controlled (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) unattended substations to reduce costs.
Option A is incorrect because automatic operation implies the use of PLCs or RTUs without a constant human presence at the site.
B is correct тАФ Attended type substations are manually operated by personnel present at the site.
In competitive exams, remember that 'Attended' implies a person is present, while 'Unattended' implies SCADA/Remote operation.