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Breaks applied at the end of the
Acceleration
Free running
Retardation
Coasting Period
Coasting Period
In electric traction, the speed-time curve consists of acceleration, free running, and coasting phases. Braking is the final phase applied immediately after the coasting period to bring the train to a complete stop at the station platform.
In electric traction, the speed-time curve consists of acceleration, free running, and coasting phases. Braking is the final phase applied immediately after the coasting period to bring the train to a complete stop at the station platform.
v=uтИТat тАФ fundamental kinematic equation during braking
PbrтАЛ=21тАЛMv2 тАФ kinetic energy dissipated during braking
The train accelerates to reach a cruising speed, maintains this speed during free running, and then enters the coasting phase where power is cut off, allowing kinetic energy to overcome rolling resistance and gradient. Once the train decelerates to the desired approach speed during the coasting phase, mechanical or regenerative brakes are applied to bring it to a halt.
Coasting allows the train to utilize its kinetic energy to travel the final distance to the station.
Applying brakes immediately after coasting ensures precision and safety in stopping.
Regenerative braking can be employed during this phase to feed energy back to the supply system.
Energy conservation during coasting
Increased operational efficiency
Reduced wear on braking components
Requires precise calculation of the coasting distance
Dependence on track gradient
Metro rail systems
Suburban electric trains
High-speed rail transit
Acceleration phase involves high current consumption.
Free running maintains speed against resistance.
Option C (Retardation) is a broad term; braking is specifically the intentional application of mechanical or electrical friction to stop.
D is correct тАФ Braking is the final operational phase initiated after the coasting period to stop the train accurately at the platform.
Always remember that in a traction speed-time curve, the sequence is Acceleration -> Free Running -> Coasting -> Braking.