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General SciencePhysics: Electricity

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Calculate the power consumed by a device that draws 2 A current at 220 V potential difference.

110 W

220 W

440 W

880 W

Correct Answer

⚙️ TE • Technical Concept & PrincipleGeneral SciencePhysics: Electricity

Option C

440 W

Quick Summary:

The power consumed by an electrical device is calculated by the product of the potential difference (voltage) and the current flowing through it. Given $V = 220 \text{ V}$ and $I = 2 \text{ A}$ , the power $P$ is determined using the relation $P = V \times I$ , which yields $440 \text{ W}$ .

🔬SCScience SolutionConcept & Principle

💡 Explanation

💡 Everyday Analogy (Real-World Intuition)

Think of voltage as the pressure of water in a pipe and current as the flow rate of water; power is the total 'work' done by the water, which depends on both how high the pressure is and how much water is moving.

🧠 Memory Mnemonic / Shortcut Aid

Remember 'PIV' (Power = Current $\times$ Voltage).

🔢 Key Formulas

$P = V \times I$ — Power in terms of Voltage and Current

$P = I^2 \times R$ — Power in terms of Current and Resistance

$P = \frac{V^2}{R}$ — Power in terms of Voltage and Resistance

⚙️ Working Principle

In an electrical circuit, power represents the rate at which electrical energy is transferred or converted into other forms of energy such as heat, light, or mechanical work. According to the definition of electric potential, $V = \frac{W}{Q}$ , and current is defined as $I = \frac{Q}{t}$ . Substituting these into the formula for power $P = \frac{W}{t}$ results in the standard electrical power equation $P = V \times I$ .

📌 Key Points

▸
The SI unit of electric power is the Watt ( $W$ ), where $1 \text{ W} = 1 \text{ J/s}$ .
▸
Power consumption is directly proportional to both the current and the potential difference.
▸
Higher power ratings imply higher energy consumption over time.

✅ Advantages

▸
Allows for calculation of energy bills when combined with time ( $E = P \times t$ ).

🛠️ Applications / Uses

▸
Determining the current capacity for household wiring.
▸
Selecting appropriate fuses or circuit breakers for electrical appliances.

📄 Additional Information

▸
Standard Indian household supply voltage is $220-240 \text{ V}$ .
▸
Option A is calculated as $220 \div 2$ , Option B is $220 \times 1$ , and Option D is $220 \times 4$ .

📊 Diagram / Illustration

✅

C is correct — The product of $220 \text{ V}$ and $2 \text{ A}$ results in a power of $440 \text{ W}$ .

Core Concepts Used

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Electric Power Potential Difference Electric Current

💡 EXAM TIP

Always verify units before calculation; if power were requested in kilowatts, remember to divide your result by 1000.

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