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Consider a conductor in the plane of the paper with current going from bottom to the top. What will be the direction of the magnetic field lines to the left of the conductor?
Opposite to the direction of the current.
Perpendicular to the plane of the paper and going in.
In the direction of the current.
Perpendicular to the plane of the paper and coming out.
Perpendicular to the plane of the paper and coming out.
Point your right thumb in the direction of the current (bottom to top). Your curled fingers represent the magnetic field direction. To the left side of the wire, the fingers point out of the paper.
Point your right thumb in the direction of the current (bottom to top). Your curled fingers represent the magnetic field direction. To the left side of the wire, the fingers point out of the paper.
Apply Right-Hand Thumb Rule
Point the right-hand thumb in the direction of the current (upwards). Your fingers naturally curl in the direction of the magnetic field lines.
Visualize the Loop
The magnetic field forms concentric circles around the wire. Since the current flows upward, the field circles are counter-clockwise when viewed from above.
Determine Direction at Left
On the left side of the vertical conductor, the tangent to the counter-clockwise circle points towards the observer, meaning the field is coming out of the plane of the paper.
A: The field circles are perpendicular to the current flow, not opposite. B: The field lines point 'in' only on the right side of the conductor. C: The magnetic field is always perpendicular to the direction of current in this configuration.
D is correct because applying the Right-Hand Thumb Rule for an upward current identifies that magnetic field lines at the left side of the conductor emerge out of the plane of the paper.
Remember the mnemonic: 'Right Thumb Up, Left Side Out' for vertical wires. Always visualize the 3D circular nature of the field lines relative to the 2D plane.
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