Factors affecting to Schedules speed

Question

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Option D: All

Explanation & Concepts:
Schedule speed is the average speed of a vehicle over the entire journey between two terminal stations, including the time spent at intermediate stops. Therefore, it is mathematically dependent on maximum speed, acceleration/retardation rates, and the frequency/duration of stops.

Working Principle: The schedule speed ($V_s$) is calculated by dividing the distance between stations ($D$) by the total time taken ($T_{total}$), where $T_{total}$ includes actual running time and the sum of all dwell times at stops. Increasing the maximum speed reduces running time, while higher acceleration and braking rates allow the vehicle to reach higher speeds quickly or maintain higher speeds for longer periods between stops. Conversely, longer or more frequent stoppage times significantly decrease the effective schedule speed.

Key Formulas: $V_s = \frac{D}{T_{run} + T_{stop}}$ — Formula for schedule speed; $T_{run} = \frac{D}{V_{avg}}$ — Running time component

Key Points: Schedule speed is always lower than the average running speed.; Higher acceleration and braking rates improve schedule speed in suburban services.; Frequent stops are the primary factor for low schedule speed in urban transit.; Maximum speed is limited by track conditions and rolling stock capabilities.

Advantages: Faster turnaround times for rolling stock; Increased line capacity

Disadvantages: Higher energy consumption at increased speeds; Increased wear and tear on brakes and mechanical components

Applications: Railway signaling design; Timetable scheduling; Electric traction motor selection

Additional Info: In urban electric traction, schedule speed typically ranges from 20-30 km/h, while main-line services can achieve 60-100 km/h.. Option A is a factor but insufficient alone; Option B is critical for quick station departure; Option C directly adds to the denominator of the speed equation.

Answer: D is correct — Schedule speed is collectively determined by the vehicle's maximum speed capability, its acceleration and braking performance, and the time lost during station stops.

Exam Tip: Always remember that $V_s

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Option A: Maximum speed

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Option B: Acceleration and braking

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Option C: Stoppage time

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