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Five books A, B, C, D and E are kept one above the other. Book C is above A. Book D is below E. Book B is below D but above C. Which book is at the bottom?
A
C
B
D
A
Arrange the entities in a vertical chain by identifying the highest and lowest items relative to each constraint to quickly establish the full sequence.
Arrange the entities in a vertical chain by identifying the highest and lowest items relative to each constraint to quickly establish the full sequence.
Establish vertical chain from individual clues
From the clues: 1) C is above A (C > A). 2) D is below E (E > D). 3) B is below D but above C (D > B > C). Combining these: E > D > B > C > A.
Final Sequence verification
Arranging the books from top to bottom based on the combined chain results in: E (top), D, B, C, A (bottom).
B: C is second from the bottom, not the bottom. C: B is in the middle of the stack, not the bottom. D: D is the second book from the top.
A is correct because when we combine the constraints E > D, D > B, B > C, and C > A, the final sequence from top to bottom is E-D-B-C-A, placing A at the very bottom.
In vertical ordering puzzles, look for the 'bridge' element that links two separate chains together (here, book C and book D served as the connectors).