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CivilSoil Mechanics
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For fully dry soil, degree of saturation is

A

0

B

1

C

5

D

none of the above

Correct Answer

тЪЩя╕П TE тАв Technical Concept & PrincipleCivilSoil Mechanics
Option A

0

Quick Summary:

The degree of saturation (SrS_rSrтАЛ) is defined as the ratio of the volume of water (VwV_wVwтАЛ) to the volume of voids (VvV_vVvтАЛ) in a soil mass. For a fully dry soil, there is no water present in the voids (Vw=0V_w = 0VwтАЛ=0), resulting in a degree of saturation equal to 0.

тЪЩя╕ПTETechnical SolutionConcept & Principle
ЁЯТб Explanation

The degree of saturation (SrS_rSrтАЛ) is defined as the ratio of the volume of water (VwV_wVwтАЛ) to the volume of voids (VvV_vVvтАЛ) in a soil mass. For a fully dry soil, there is no water present in the voids (Vw=0V_w = 0VwтАЛ=0), resulting in a degree of saturation equal to 0.

ЁЯФв Key Formulas

Sr=VwVvS_r = \frac{V_w}{V_v}SrтАЛ=VvтАЛVwтАЛтАЛ тАФ Fundamental definition of degree of saturation

тЪЩя╕П Working Principle

In the three-phase system of soil, the total volume consists of solids, water, and air. When soil is perfectly dry, all voids are filled with air. Therefore, substituting Vw=0V_w = 0VwтАЛ=0 into the definition formula yields Sr=0S_r = 0SrтАЛ=0.

ЁЯУМ Key Points
  • тЦ╕

    Degree of saturation is expressed as a decimal or percentage (0 to 1 or 0% to 100%).

  • тЦ╕

    Sr=0S_r = 0SrтАЛ=0 indicates a completely dry state.

  • тЦ╕

    Sr=1S_r = 1SrтАЛ=1 (or 100%) indicates a completely saturated state (all voids filled with water).

  • тЦ╕

    Partial saturation occurs when 0<Sr<10 < S_r < 10<SrтАЛ<1.

тЬЕ Advantages
  • тЦ╕

    Useful for determining the state of soil compaction.

  • тЦ╕

    Essential parameter for calculating the unit weight of soil.

ЁЯЫая╕П Applications / Uses
  • тЦ╕

    Geotechnical stability analysis.

  • тЦ╕

    Permeability and seepage studies.

  • тЦ╕

    Compaction control in earthwork projects.

ЁЯУД Additional Information
  • тЦ╕

    Option B (Sr=1S_r = 1SrтАЛ=1) represents a fully saturated soil where no air is present.

  • тЦ╕

    Option C (Sr=0.5S_r = 0.5SrтАЛ=0.5) represents partially saturated soil where 50% of the voids are filled with water.

ЁЯУК Diagram / Illustration
Degree of Saturation (Sс╡г)Volume of water (V_w)Volume of voids (Vс╡е)For dry soil: V_w = 0 implies Sс╡г = 0
тЬЕ

A is correct тАФ The degree of saturation for a fully dry soil is 0 because the volume of water present in the soil voids is zero.

Core Concepts Used
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Three-phase system of soil Void ratio Index properties of soil
ЁЯТб EXAM TIP

Remember that Sr=0S_r = 0SrтАЛ=0 for dry soil and Sr=1S_r = 1SrтАЛ=1 for saturated soil; this boundary condition is frequently used to simplify the relationship Se=wGSe = wGSe=wG in soil mechanics problems.

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