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Back to Practice Questions
CivilSoil Mechanics
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For fully saturated soil, degree of saturation is

A

0

B

1

C

5

D

none of the above

Correct Answer

тЪЩя╕П TE тАв Technical Concept & PrincipleCivilSoil Mechanics
Option B

1

Quick Summary:

Degree of saturation (SrS_rSrтАЛ) is defined as the ratio of the volume of water to the volume of voids in a soil sample. For a fully saturated soil, all voids are filled with water, making the volume of water equal to the volume of voids, resulting in Sr=1S_r = 1SrтАЛ=1 (or 100%).

тЪЩя╕ПTETechnical SolutionConcept & Principle
ЁЯТб Explanation

Degree of saturation (SrS_rSrтАЛ) is defined as the ratio of the volume of water to the volume of voids in a soil sample. For a fully saturated soil, all voids are filled with water, making the volume of water equal to the volume of voids, resulting in Sr=1S_r = 1SrтАЛ=1 (or 100%).

ЁЯФв Key Formulas

Sr=VwVvS_r = \frac{V_w}{V_v}SrтАЛ=VvтАЛVwтАЛтАЛ тАФ where VwV_wVwтАЛ is volume of water and VvV_vVvтАЛ is total volume of voids.

Sr├Чe=w├ЧGS_r \times e = w \times GSrтАЛ├Чe=w├ЧG тАФ relationship between degree of saturation, void ratio (eee), water content (www), and specific gravity (GGG).

тЪЩя╕П Working Principle

Soil is a three-phase system consisting of solids, water, and air. In a fully saturated condition, the air phase is completely displaced by water, meaning the volume of air Va=0V_a = 0VaтАЛ=0. Consequently, the volume of voids VvV_vVvтАЛ is entirely occupied by water VwV_wVwтАЛ, leading to the ratio Vw/Vv=1V_w/V_v = 1VwтАЛ/VvтАЛ=1.

ЁЯУМ Key Points
  • тЦ╕

    Degree of saturation ranges from 0 (dry soil) to 1 (fully saturated soil).

  • тЦ╕

    It is a dimensionless property often expressed as a percentage.

  • тЦ╕

    If 0<Sr<10 < S_r < 10<SrтАЛ<1, the soil is considered partially saturated.

тЬЕ Advantages
  • тЦ╕

    Used to identify the drainage condition of soil.

  • тЦ╕

    Essential parameter for calculating unit weights and effective stress.

ЁЯЫая╕П Applications / Uses
  • тЦ╕

    Geotechnical site investigations.

  • тЦ╕

    Analysis of soil compaction and earthwork construction.

ЁЯУД Additional Information
  • тЦ╕

    A value of Sr=0S_r = 0SrтАЛ=0 implies a perfectly dry soil.

  • тЦ╕

    The range of SrS_rSrтАЛ is 0тЙдSrтЙд10 \leq S_r \leq 10тЙдSrтАЛтЙд1.

ЁЯУК Diagram / Illustration
Degree of Saturation (SrS_rSrтАЛ)
Volume of Water (VwV_wVwтАЛ)
Volume of Voids (VvV_vVvтАЛ)
For fully saturated: Sr=1S_r = 1SrтАЛ=1
тЬЕ

B is correct тАФ For fully saturated soil, the volume of water equals the volume of voids, making the degree of saturation equal to 1.

Core Concepts Used
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Phase relationships in soil Void ratio Degree of saturation
ЁЯТб EXAM TIP

Remember the fundamental relationship Sre=wGS_r e = w GSrтАЛe=wG to quickly solve problems involving phase properties, as it is a frequent point of calculation in GATE and ESE exams.

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