For RL series circuit, impedance is given by

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Z²=R²+X_L²

Explanation: The correct impedance for an RL series circuit is given by the formula $Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X_L^2}$, where $Z$ is the impedance, $R$ is the resistance, and $X_L$ is the inductive reactance. This equation illustrates how resistance and inductive reactance contribute to the overall impedance in an alternating current circuit. Working Principle: The impedance in an RL circuit arises due to both the resistance and the inductive reactance, which is a measure of how much the inductor opposes the change in current. The combined effect leads to a complex impedance that determines how the circuit will respond to alternating current. Key Formulas: $Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X_L^2}$ — Impedance of an RL circuit Key Points: Impedance encompasses both resistance and reactance in AC circuits.; The inductive reactance is proportional to the frequency and inductance: $X_L = 2\pi f L$. Advantages: Allows for understanding of circuit behavior in AC systems; Essential for designing circuits with inductors Disadvantages: Complex calculations can be necessary for multiple components; Phase differences must be considered for accurate analysis Applications: Used in power transmission lines; Essential for designing filters and oscillators Additional Info: Standard Values: Common values for inductors vary based on application and frequency used.. Wrong Options Explained: Option B is incorrect as it refers to capacitive reactance; Option C misrepresents impedance as purely resistive. Answer: A is correct — the formula accurately represents the impedance in an RL circuit. Exam Tip: Understanding impedance is crucial not only in electrical engineering but also in applications involving waves and signal processing.

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