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In a certain code language, ‘mountains hills rocks’ is coded as ‘dy ph mt’, ‘rocks valleys rivers’ is coded as ‘lp ph st’ and ‘rivers mountains forests’ is coded as ‘st bq dy’. (All the codes are two-letter codes only.) What is the code for 'valleys' in that language?
dy
st
ph
lp
lp
Identify common words between sentences to isolate codes. Since 'rocks' is common to the first two sentences and 'rivers' is common to the last two, mapping these shared words allows you to isolate the unique code for 'valleys'.
Identify common words between sentences to isolate codes. Since 'rocks' is common to the first two sentences and 'rivers' is common to the last two, mapping these shared words allows you to isolate the unique code for 'valleys'.
Analyze shared codes
Compare the sentences: (1) 'mountains hills rocks' = 'dy ph mt'; (2) 'rocks valleys rivers' = 'lp ph st'; (3) 'rivers mountains forests' = 'st bq dy'. The word 'rocks' appears in (1) and (2). The code 'ph' appears in (1) and (2). Thus, 'rocks' = 'ph'.
Isolate remaining elements
In (2), we have 'rocks', 'valleys', 'rivers'. Since 'rocks' is 'ph', the remaining codes are 'lp' and 'st'. In (3), we have 'rivers', 'mountains', 'forests'. Comparing (2) and (3), 'rivers' is common, and 'st' is common. Thus, 'rivers' = 'st'.
Final Deduction
From step 2, if 'rivers' is 'st' and 'rocks' is 'ph' in sentence (2), then the remaining word 'valleys' must correspond to the remaining code 'lp'.
A: 'dy' is common to (1) and (3), matching 'mountains'. B: 'st' is the code for 'rivers'. C: 'ph' is the code for 'rocks'.
D is correct because by eliminating the codes for 'rocks' (ph) and 'rivers' (st) from the sentence 'rocks valleys rivers' (lp ph st), the code 'lp' remains for 'valleys'.
In coding questions involving multiple sentences, always look for the word that appears most frequently first, as it helps identify its code fastest and simplifies the remaining set.
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