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In a chopper, the ratio of the ON-time to the total time period is defined as the ________.
Efficiency
Form factor
Duty cycle
Ripple factor
Duty cycle
The duty cycle of a chopper is defined as the ratio of the ON-time (TONโ) of the switch to the total chopping time period (T). It represents the fraction of the cycle for which the switch conducts, determining the average output voltage.
The duty cycle of a chopper is defined as the ratio of the ON-time (TONโ) of the switch to the total chopping time period (T). It represents the fraction of the cycle for which the switch conducts, determining the average output voltage.
D=TTONโโ โ Duty cycle definition
Vavgโ=Dโ Vsโ โ Average output voltage relation
A chopper acts as a high-speed semiconductor switch that periodically connects and disconnects the source from the load. By varying the duration of the ON-time relative to the total period, the average DC output voltage is controlled effectively, allowing for power conversion from one DC level to another.
The duty cycle D is a dimensionless value typically ranging between 0 and 1.
A higher duty cycle results in a higher average output voltage across the load.
The chopping frequency is defined as f=T1โ, where T=TONโ+TOFFโ.
High efficiency due to switching operation
Compact size and lower weight compared to linear regulators
Generation of electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Requirement of output filtering to reduce ripples
DC motor speed control
Electric vehicles and traction systems
Efficiency is the ratio of output power to input power.
Form factor is the ratio of RMS value to average value of a waveform.
Ripple factor defines the amount of AC component present in the DC output.
C is correct โ The duty cycle is specifically defined as the ratio of the duration for which the chopper is ON to the total time period of one cycle.
In competitive exams, remember that Vavgโ=Dโ Vsโ is only valid for an ideal buck converter; always check if the chopper configuration implies specific load characteristics.