In the process of electrolytic refining of copper, which of the following is correctly matched?

Question

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Option B: Electrolyte – Acidified Copper sulphate solution. In electrolytic refining of copper, impure copper is refined using an electrolyte consisting of aqueous copper sulfate solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid. This ensures efficient migration of copper ions from the anode to the cathode.

Step-by-Step Solution & Concepts:
In electrolytic refining of copper, impure copper is refined using an electrolyte consisting of aqueous copper sulfate solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid. This ensures efficient migration of copper ions from the anode to the cathode.

Working Principle: During electrolysis, copper atoms at the impure anode lose electrons to form $Cu^{2+}$ ions which enter the solution: $Cu (s) \rightarrow Cu^{2+} (aq) + 2e^-$. These $Cu^{2+}$ ions migrate to the pure copper cathode, where they gain electrons and deposit as pure copper: $Cu^{2+} (aq) + 2e^- \rightarrow Cu (s)$.

Key Formulas: $Cu (s) \rightarrow Cu^{2+} (aq) + 2e^-$ — Anode oxidation; $Cu^{2+} (aq) + 2e^- \rightarrow Cu (s)$ — Cathode reduction

Key Points: Impure copper acts as the anode.; Pure copper acts as the cathode.; Acidified copper sulfate solution is the electrolyte.; Anode mud contains noble metals like Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), and Platinum (Pt).

Advantages: Yields high-purity copper (>99.99%); Allows recovery of precious metals from anode mud

Disadvantages: Energy-intensive process requiring large amounts of electricity; Requires proper disposal of acidic chemical waste

Applications: Production of high-grade copper wire for electrical applications; Refining copper to remove impurities like zinc, iron, and precious metals

Additional Info: The acid ($H_2SO_4$) increases the conductivity of the electrolyte.. Option A is incorrect because the anode is impure copper.. Option C is incorrect because cathode mud (anode mud) refers to the insoluble impurities left at the bottom of the anode tank.. Option D is incorrect because pure copper serves as the cathode.

Answer: B is correct — Acidified copper sulphate solution serves as the electrolyte in the process to facilitate the transport of copper ions between the anode and the cathode.

Exam Tip: Remember that in electrolytic cells, Oxidation always occurs at the Anode (An-Ox) and Reduction always occurs at the Cathode (Red-Cat).

Examoogle · Answer

Option A: Cathode – Impure copper

Examoogle · Answer

Option C: Cathode Mud – Pure copper crystals

Examoogle · Answer

Option D: Anode – Pure copper

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