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In which of the following transversing method angles are measured by theodolite?
by fast needle
by free needle
by direct observation of angles
by chain and compass
by direct observation of angles
In traversing using a theodolite, angles (horizontal and vertical) are measured by direct observation between survey stations. Unlike compass surveying, which relies on magnetic bearings, theodolite traversing is highly precise as it utilizes optical or electronic reading systems to measure angles relative to the previous survey line or a fixed reference.
In traversing using a theodolite, angles (horizontal and vertical) are measured by direct observation between survey stations. Unlike compass surveying, which relies on magnetic bearings, theodolite traversing is highly precise as it utilizes optical or electronic reading systems to measure angles relative to the previous survey line or a fixed reference.
╬╕=╬▒2тАЛтИТ╬▒1тАЛ тАФ Included angle calculation between two bearings
The theodolite is centered and leveled over a station. The horizontal circle is clamped, and the telescope is bisected to the back station (zeroing the instrument) and then rotated to the forward station. The angle is determined by reading the horizontal circle scale at both positions, providing the included or deflection angle directly.
Theodolite provides high precision compared to magnetic compass surveys.
It eliminates errors due to local attraction which commonly affect magnetic methods.
Direct observation allows for measuring both horizontal and vertical angles.
Traversing is classified as 'Theodolite Traversing' when linear measurements are taken with a tape/EDM and angles with a theodolite.
High accuracy in angular measurement.
Independent of magnetic field disturbances.
More time-consuming setup compared to compass.
Requires skilled personnel for operation.
Control surveys for large infrastructure projects.
Detailed topographical mapping.
Establishing traverse networks.
| Feature | Compass Surveying | Theodolite Traversing |
|---|---|---|
Measurement Basis | Magnetic Meridian | Direct Relative Angle |
Theodolite traverse is the backbone of major geodetic and engineering survey networks.
Option A and B are incorrect because 'fast' and 'free' needle refer to magnetic compass methods, not theodolite procedures.
Option D is incorrect as it relies on chain/compass, which are lower-order surveying instruments.
C is correct тАФ Theodolite traversing involves the direct observation of horizontal angles between survey lines to calculate the traverse orientation.
Always remember: if a question mentions 'Theodolite', it is essentially asking about 'Precision' and 'Direct Angular measurement', bypassing magnetic local attraction errors.