Maximum value of any quantity is known as

Question

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

Amplitude

Explanation: In AC theory, the amplitude (or peak value) represents the maximum displacement or intensity of a periodic wave from its zero baseline. It defines the maximum positive or negative value reached by the instantaneous quantity during one full cycle.

Working Principle: In a sinusoidal waveform defined by $v(t) = V_m \sin(\omega t + \phi)$, the term $V_m$ represents the amplitude. This value is dictated by the energy source or system capacity and is distinct from the instantaneous value, which varies continuously with time.

Key Formulas: $v(t) = V_m \sin(\omega t)$ — Instantaneous value of sinusoidal voltage where $V_m$ is the amplitude; $V_{rms} = \frac{V_m}{\sqrt{2}}$ — Relation between RMS value and amplitude for a sine wave

Key Points: Amplitude is the peak value of a wave, whether it is voltage, current, or any oscillating quantity.; For symmetric waveforms, the peak-to-peak value is double the amplitude.; Amplitude is independent of the time at which the measurement is taken.; It is a fundamental parameter in signal processing and power systems.

Advantages: Used to define the insulation stress level in power systems.; Essential for calculating the crest factor of a signal.

Disadvantages: Does not provide information about the total energy delivered by the waveform (RMS value is used for that).; Sensitive to waveform distortion (non-sinusoidal signals require more complex definitions).

Applications: Defining voltage ratings for electrical machinery.; Signal modulation in communication engineering (AM).; Audio engineering for volume control.

Additional Info: Magnitude generally refers to the absolute size or scale of a vector or scalar, while amplitude is specific to periodic oscillations.. Impedance is the opposition to current flow in an AC circuit ($Z = R + jX$), not a measure of wave height.

Answer: C is correct — Amplitude denotes the maximum value reached by a periodic quantity from its zero position.

Exam Tip: Always distinguish between Peak (Amplitude), RMS, and Average values; for a pure sine wave, remember the factor $1/\sqrt{2} \approx 0.707$ relating RMS to Amplitude.

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