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Primary divisions of surveying are____
To work from whole to part
Geodetic surveying
Plane surveying
Both B and C
Both B and C
Surveying is primarily divided into two categories based on the consideration of the earth's curvature: Plane surveying and Geodetic surveying. Plane surveying ignores the curvature of the earth and assumes the surface to be flat, whereas Geodetic surveying accounts for the earth's spheroidal shape.
Surveying is primarily divided into two categories based on the consideration of the earth's curvature: Plane surveying and Geodetic surveying. Plane surveying ignores the curvature of the earth and assumes the surface to be flat, whereas Geodetic surveying accounts for the earth's spheroidal shape.
E=2RL2тАЛ тАФ Correction for earth curvature where L is length of line and R is radius of earth (RтЙИ6370 km)
The choice between plane and geodetic surveying depends on the extent of the survey area. In plane surveying, plumb lines are considered parallel, and triangle angles are assumed to be 180 degrees. Geodetic surveying is necessary for large areas where the curvature of the earth significantly affects the measurements, treating the surface as curved.
Plane surveying is adopted for areas less than 250┬аkm2.
Geodetic surveying is adopted for large areas and high-precision mapping.
The fundamental principle of surveying is 'to work from the whole to the part', not a division of surveying itself.
Plane surveying is simple and fast for localized projects.
Geodetic surveying provides high precision for national boundaries.
Plane surveying becomes inaccurate over large distances.
Geodetic surveying involves complex spherical trigonometry and high costs.
Plane: Small building sites, land measurement.
Geodetic: Establishing control points, large scale mapping.
| Feature | Plane Surveying | Geodetic Surveying |
|---|---|---|
Consideration of Curvature | Ignored | Considered |
Area Limit | < 250 sq. km |
|
The phrase 'to work from whole to part' is the fundamental principle of surveying, intended to localize errors, not a classification division.
Option A is a principle, while Options B and C are types/divisions.
D is correct тАФ Geodetic and Plane surveying are the two primary divisions based on the earth's curvature.
Always distinguish between the 'Principle' (Whole to Part) and the 'Classification' (Plane vs Geodetic) of surveying to avoid conceptual traps in exams.
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