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A series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is called ________.
catenation
isomers
heterologous series
homologous series
homologous series
A homologous series is a family of organic compounds with similar chemical properties, having the same functional group and a general formula, where each successive member differs by a тИТCH2тАЛтИТ group.
A homologous series is a family of organic compounds with similar chemical properties, having the same functional group and a general formula, where each successive member differs by a тИТCH2тАЛтИТ group.
Think of a ladder where each step up is taller by the exact same brick size (CH2тАЛ); the material and structure of the steps remain identical, but each step gets progressively heavier and higher.
HOMO = Same (same functional group and general properties).
╬ФM=14┬аu тАФ Difference in molecular mass between successive homologs
CnтАЛH2n+2тАЛ тАФ General formula for alkanes (homologous series)
In a homologous series, all members can be represented by a single general formula (e.g., CnтАЛH2n+2тАЛ for alkanes). Successive members differ in molecular mass by 14┬аu (one carbon atom of mass 12┬аu and two hydrogen atoms of mass 2┬аu). Because they contain the same functional group, their chemical properties are very similar, while physical properties show a gradual gradation with increasing molecular mass.
Successive members differ by a тИТCH2тАЛтИТ unit in their molecular formula.
Difference in molecular mass between two successive members is 14┬аu.
All members in a series possess the same functional group, hence similar chemical properties.
Physical properties like boiling point, melting point, and density show a regular gradation (increase with molecular mass).
Helps in systematic study of organic chemistry by predicting properties of higher members.
Does not account for structural isomerism within large carbon chains.
Classification of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes)
Classification of functional derivatives (alcohols, carboxylic acids)
Option A (catenation) refers to the self-linking property of carbon atoms.
Option B (isomers) refers to compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures.
Option D (homologous series) is the correct term for series of compounds differing by тИТCH2тАЛтИТ.
D is correct тАФ A series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is called a homologous series.
Remember that molecular mass increases by 14┬аu and boiling point increases with chain length due to stronger Van der Waals forces.
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