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Cranial nerves arising from the brain and spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord together constitute the:
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
endocrine system
peripheral nervous system
The human nervous system is broadly divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), consisting of cranial nerves arising from the brain and spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord.
The human nervous system is broadly divided into the Central Nervous System (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), consisting of cranial nerves arising from the brain and spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord.
Think of the brain and spinal cord as the main corporate headquarters (CNS), and the cranial and spinal nerves as the telephone lines and field cables (PNS) connecting headquarters to every regional branch office.
PNS = Peripheral = Projections and Pathways connecting the Center to the Periphery.
Nervous┬аSystem=CNS+PNS
PNS=Cranial┬аNerves┬а(12┬аpairs)+Spinal┬аNerves┬а(31┬аpairs)
The peripheral nervous system acts as the communication relay network between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. Cranial nerves (12 pairs in humans) connect the brain directly to the head, neck, and facial organs, whereas spinal nerves (31 pairs in humans) branch out from the spinal cord to innervate the rest of the body's limbs, trunk, and internal organs.
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) connects the Central Nervous System (CNS) to limbs and organs.
Cranial nerves emerge directly from the brain (12 pairs in humans).
Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord (31 pairs in humans).
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a functional subdivision of the PNS regulating involuntary body functions.
Allows rapid relay of sensory and motor signals across the entire body.
Coordinates voluntary and involuntary motor responses efficiently.
Reflex actions coordinated via spinal nerves.
Sensory perception (vision, smell, taste) mediated via cranial nerves.
Option A (peripheral nervous system) is correct.
Option B (autonomic nervous system) controls involuntary visceral functions and is a subdivision of the PNS.
Option C (central nervous system) comprises only the brain and spinal cord.
Option D (endocrine system) is a chemical messenger hormone system.
A is correct тАФ Cranial nerves arising from the brain and spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord together constitute the peripheral nervous system.
Remember that humans have 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves, both of which make up the entire Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
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