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Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts and decide which conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the given statements. Statements: All fishes are birds. All birds are animals. Conclusions: (I) All animals are fishes. (II) Some birds are fishes.
Both conclusions (I) and (II) follow.
Only conclusion (II) follows.
Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows.
Only conclusion (I) follows.
Only conclusion (II) follows.
Draw concentric or intersecting circles for 'All A are B' relationships. If A is inside B and B is inside C, then A is inside C.
Draw concentric or intersecting circles for 'All A are B' relationships. If A is inside B and B is inside C, then A is inside C.
Analyze Statement 1
All fishes are birds. This means the set of Fishes is entirely inside the set of Birds (F subset B).
Analyze Statement 2
All birds are animals. This means the set of Birds is entirely inside the set of Animals (B subset A).
Evaluate Conclusion I
All animals are fishes. Moving outward-to-inward (Animals to Fishes) with 'All' is invalid in standard syllogism. Thus, Conclusion I does not follow.
Evaluate Conclusion II
Some birds are fishes. Since all fishes are birds, it logically follows that some birds are fishes. Thus, Conclusion II follows.
A: Both conclusions do not follow because conclusion I is incorrect. C: Neither conclusion does not follow since conclusion II is correct. D: Only conclusion I does not follow as conclusion I is false.
B is correct because only conclusion II follows logically from the given statements.
In positive syllogism statements (All/Some), universal statements (All A are B) convert partially to 'Some B are A', never 'All B are A'.
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