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The number of chromosomes become half in a daughter cell by the process of:
binary fission
meiosis
mitosis
amitosis
meiosis
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, converting diploid (2n) germ cells into haploid (n) gametes (sperm and egg cells) in sexually reproducing organisms.
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, converting diploid (2n) germ cells into haploid (n) gametes (sperm and egg cells) in sexually reproducing organisms.
Think of it like a photocopy machine that shrinks a two-page document onto a single page, reducing the amount of content (chromosomes) by half so that when two copies combine during fertilization, the original total is restored.
PMAT twice: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (happens twice in meiosis)
2nтЖТn тАФ reduction of diploid number to haploid
4┬аdaughter┬аcells тАФ produced from one single meiotic division
Meiosis consists of two successive nuclear divisions (Meiosis I and Meiosis II) following a single round of DNA replication. During Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and separate, reducing the chromosome number by half (reductional division), while Meiosis II separates sister chromatids (similar to mitosis).
Meiosis occurs only in germ cells to produce gametes (sperm and egg).
It maintains a constant chromosome number across generations in sexually reproducing organisms.
Crossing over and independent assortment generate genetic recombination and diversity.
Mitosis maintains the diploid number (2nтЖТ2n) for growth and tissue repair.
Ensures genetic diversity through crossing over and independent assortment
Prevents doubling of chromosome number with each successive generation
Complex process prone to non-disjunction errors leading to chromosomal disorders like Down syndrome
Gamete formation (spermatogenesis and oogenesis)
Sexual reproduction in plants, animals, and fungi
| Feature | Meiosis | Mitosis |
|---|---|---|
Cell Division Type | Meiosis | Mitosis |
Chromosome Number | Halved (2nтЖТn) | Maintained (2nтЖТ2n) |
Purpose | Sexual reproduction & gametes | Growth, repair, asexual reproduction |
Option A (binary fission): Asexual reproduction method in prokaryotes (e.g., bacteria) that produces genetically identical clones with no reduction in chromosome number.
Option C (mitosis): Equational division where chromosome number remains constant in daughter cells (2nтЖТ2n).
Option D (amitosis): Direct cell division by simple cleavage of the nucleus without spindle formation.
B is correct тАФ Meiosis is the specialized cell division process that halves the chromosome number in daughter cells.
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