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The gravitational force between two objects of masses m1 and m2 is directly proportional to ________.
m₂ - m₁
m₁ - m₂
m₁ / m₂
m₁ x m₂
m₁ x m₂
According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, the gravitational force F between two point objects of masses m1 and m2 separated by a distance r is directly proportional to the product of their masses (m1×m2) and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, the gravitational force F between two point objects of masses m1 and m2 separated by a distance r is directly proportional to the product of their masses (m1×m2) and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Think of it like buying items: the total cost is directly proportional to the product of the quantity and unit price. Similarly, the mutual gravitational pull increases as the product of the masses involved increases.
Remember: 'Masses Multiply, Distance Divides (squared)' for Newton's Law of Gravitation.
F=r2G⋅m1⋅m2 — Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
G=6.674×10−11 N m2 kg−2 — Universal Gravitational Constant
The gravitational force is a fundamental interaction of nature. It acts along the line joining the centers of the two masses. The proportionality constant in this relationship is the universal gravitational constant (G). Thus, doubling either mass doubles the gravitational force, whereas doubling both masses quadruples it.
Gravitational force is always attractive in nature.
It is independent of the medium between the two masses.
It forms an action-reaction pair obeying Newton's Third Law.
It is a central force acting along the line joining the centers of the masses.
Explains planetary motion and Kepler's laws theoretically.
Helps calculate masses of astronomical bodies like Earth, Sun, and planets.
Extremely weak force at microscopic/atomic scales unless massive bodies are involved.
Motion of planets around the Sun
Tides in oceans due to Moon and Sun
Keeping artificial satellites in orbit
Discovered by Sir Isaac Newton in 1687 in his publication 'Principia Mathematica'.
Option D (m1×m2) correctly represents the product of masses in the numerator of the gravitational force formula.
D is correct — The gravitational force between two objects of masses m1 and m2 is directly proportional to the product of their masses (m1×m2).
Always remember that gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r2), not just the distance (r). In competitive exams, questions frequently test this distinction.
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