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The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing the digits is 99. If the digits of the number differ by 7, then the two-digit number can be:
29
92
19
81
81
For any two-digit number where the sum of the number and its reverse is 99, the sum of its digits is always 99 / 11 = 9. Given the difference is 7, we can easily find the digits: (9+7)/2=8 and (9−7)/2=1. Thus, the digits are 8 and 1, giving the numbers 81 or 18.
Sum of the two-digit number and its reverse = 99, Difference between the digits = 7
(10x+y)+(10y+x)=99
For any two-digit number where the sum of the number and its reverse is 99, the sum of its digits is always 99 / 11 = 9. Given the difference is 7, we can easily find the digits: (9+7)/2=8 and (9−7)/2=1. Thus, the digits are 8 and 1, giving the numbers 81 or 18.
Students often forget that the digits can be in either order (8 and 1 can form 81 or 18), and both numbers satisfy the condition.
Step 1: Set up equations based on problem statements
Let the two-digit number be 10x+y, where x is the tens digit and y is the units digit. The reversed number is 10y+x. According to the problem, their sum is 99: (10x+y)+(10y+x)=99
11(x+y)=99⟹x+y=9
Step 2: Use the difference between digits
We are given that the difference between the digits is 7: x−y=7
x−y=7
Step 3: Solve the system of linear equations
Add the two equations (x+y=9) and (x−y=7): (x+y)+(x−y)=9+7⟹2x=16⟹x=8 Substituting x=8 into x+y=9, we get y=1.
x=8,y=1
Step 4: Determine the two-digit number
With x=8 and y=1, the two-digit number 10x+y is 10(8)+1=81. (If x−y=−7, the number would be 18). Checking the options, 81 is present.
81
D is correct because solving the equations x+y=9 and x−y=7 yields the digits 8 and 1, forming the number 81.
Questions involving the sum of a number and its reverse always result in a multiple of 11 for the sum of digits, a property useful in fast number-theory shortcuts.