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Which of the following is a saturated carbon compound?
Alkane
Alkyne
Alkene
Ethylene
Alkane
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms. They follow the general molecular formula CnтАЛH2n+2тАЛ and do not contain any double or triple bonds.
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms. They follow the general molecular formula CnтАЛH2n+2тАЛ and do not contain any double or triple bonds.
Think of a saturated compound like a sponge that has soaked up all the water it possibly canтАФno more water (hydrogen) can be added. Unsaturated compounds are like a dry sponge that still has room to absorb more.
Remember: Alkanes are Saturated (Single bonds), Alkenes have Double bonds, and Alkynes have Triple bonds.
CnтАЛH2n+2тАЛ тАФ General formula for Alkanes (Saturated)
CnтАЛH2nтАЛ тАФ General formula for Alkenes (Unsaturated)
CnтАЛH2nтИТ2тАЛ тАФ General formula for Alkynes (Unsaturated)
In saturated carbon compounds (alkanes), all carbon-carbon bonds are single sigma (╧Г) bonds, meaning each carbon atom is bonded to the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms. Thus, they are chemically less reactive and undergo substitution reactions rather than addition reactions.
Saturated carbon compounds contain only single covalent bonds (╧Г bonds).
Alkanes are paraffin hydrocarbons, meaning 'little affinity' due to chemical inertness.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one double (alkenes) or triple (alkynes) bond.
Ethylene (C2тАЛH4тАЛ) is an alkene and an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Alkanes serve as excellent stable fuels and raw materials in organic synthesis.
Alkanes are chemically unreactive under mild conditions compared to unsaturated compounds.
Natural gas and LPG primarily consist of saturated hydrocarbons (methane, propane, butane).
Petroleum fractions (petrol, diesel, kerosene) are complex mixtures of alkanes used for energy.
| Feature | Saturated (Alkane) | Unsaturated (Alkene/Alkyne) |
|---|---|---|
Bond Type | Single covalent bonds only | Double or triple bonds present |
General Formula | CnтАЛH2n+2тАЛ | CnтАЛH2nтАЛ or CnтАЛH2nтИТ2тАЛ |
Reaction Type | Substitution reactions | Addition reactions |
Option B (Alkyne) is unsaturated containing a carbon-carbon triple bond.
Option C (Alkene) is unsaturated containing a carbon-carbon double bond.
Option D (Ethylene) is C2тАЛH4тАЛ, which is an alkene with a double bond.
A is correct тАФ Alkane is a saturated carbon compound containing only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
Always remember the suffix rule in IUPAC naming: '-ane' for single bonds (saturated), '-ene'