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Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts and decide which conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the given statements. Statements: All oceans are rivers. Some rivers are ponds. Conclusions: (I) All ponds are oceans. (II) Some oceans are ponds.
Only conclusion (II) follows.
Both conclusions (I) and (II) follow.
Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows.
Only conclusion (I) follows.
Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows.
In syllogisms with 'All' and 'Some' statements, if there is no direct link defined between two categories (Oceans and Ponds), any definitive conclusion (All or Some) relating them is false.
In syllogisms with 'All' and 'Some' statements, if there is no direct link defined between two categories (Oceans and Ponds), any definitive conclusion (All or Some) relating them is false.
Visualize Statements
Statement 1 (All oceans are rivers) means the Oceans circle is inside the Rivers circle. Statement 2 (Some rivers are ponds) means the Ponds circle intersects with the Rivers circle.
Analyze Conclusions
For (I) All ponds are oceans: There is no constraint that forces all ponds to be within the ocean circle. For (II) Some oceans are ponds: There is no overlap between the Ocean circle and the Ponds circle in the basic diagram. Since these are not definitely true, they do not follow.
A: Only (II) is incorrect because there is no mandatory overlap between oceans and ponds. B: Both (I) and (II) are incorrect as neither can be proven from the given premises. D: Only (I) is incorrect because the statement does not establish that all ponds are oceans.
C is correct because both conclusions fail to be definitely true given the lack of a mandatory logical connection between oceans and ponds.
In Syllogisms, if a conclusion is a possibility (e.g., 'Some oceans can be ponds'), it might be true, but if it is a definitive claim (e.g., 'Some oceans are ponds'), it must be true in ALL possible diagrams to be valid.
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