Which of the following statements is/are correct?Statements:I) Gravitational force between two objects is inde

Question

Which of the following statements is/are correct?Statements:I) Gravitational force between two objects is independent of the distance of separation between two objects.II) Gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of separation between two objects.III) Gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses.

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Option C: Statements II and III. The gravitational force between two objects depends directly on the product of their masses and inversely on the square of the distance between them. Therefore, Statement I is incorrect while Statement II and Statement III are correct.

Step-by-Step Solution & Concepts:
The gravitational force between two objects depends directly on the product of their masses and inversely on the square of the distance between them. Therefore, Statement I is incorrect while Statement II and Statement III are correct.

Working Principle: According to Newton's Law of Gravitation, every particle attracts every other particle with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. The formula is given by $F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$.

Key Formulas: $F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$ — Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation; $G = 6.674 	imes 10^{-11} 	ext{ N m}^2 	ext{ kg}^{-2}$ — Universal Gravitational Constant

Key Points: Gravitational force is an attractive force acting between any two objects having mass in the universe.; Statement I is incorrect because gravitational force decreases as distance increases ($F \propto \frac{1}{r^2}$).; Statement II is correct because force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.; Statement III is correct because force is directly proportional to the product of masses ($F \propto m_1 m_2$).

Advantages: Explains planetary motion and the stability of stellar systems.; Accounts for gravitational binding of galaxies and celestial bodies.

Disadvantages: Extremely weak force on atomic and subatomic scales compared to electrostatic or nuclear forces.

Applications: Motion of planets around the Sun; Tides on Earth due to the Moon and Sun; Calculation of satellite orbital speeds

Additional Info: Universal Gravitational Constant ($G$) was first measured experimentally by Henry Cavendish using a torsion balance.. Option C is correct because it includes Statement II and Statement III while excluding the incorrect Statement I.

Answer: C is correct — Statements II and III are correct regarding Newton's Law of Gravitation, while Statement I is incorrect.

Exam Tip: Always verify whether a physical quantity varies inversely with distance ($r$) or inverse-square ($r^2$). Gravitation and Electrostatic (Coulomb's) forces follow the inverse-square law.

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