Digitize the attached image-based options.

Question

Examoogle · Accepted Answer

The correct answer is Option A: Fusion. Fusion, also commonly known as melting, is the physical phenomenon in which a solid substance changes into a liquid substance upon the absorption of heat at its melting point.

Step-by-Step Solution & Concepts:
Fusion, also commonly known as melting, is the physical phenomenon in which a solid substance changes into a liquid substance upon the absorption of heat at its melting point.

Working Principle: When heat is supplied to a solid, the temperature rises until the melting point is reached. Further heat added is utilized as the latent heat of fusion to break the intermolecular forces holding the constituent particles in a fixed rigid lattice, allowing them to move past one another and form a liquid.

Key Formulas: $Q = m 	imes L_f$ — Heat required for fusion where $L_f$ is latent heat of fusion; $T_{	ext{melting}}$ — Constant temperature at which solid converts to liquid at atmospheric pressure

Key Points: Fusion is an endothermic phase transition.; During fusion, temperature remains constant despite continuous heating until the entire solid is converted into liquid.; The energy supplied is used exclusively to overcome intermolecular forces.

Advantages: Fundamental process in metallurgy for casting and shaping metals; Essential for natural water cycles (melting of snow and glaciers)

Applications: Melting of ice to form liquid water; Metal casting and welding where solid metals are fused via heat

Additional Info: Solidification:

Feature	Option A	Option B
Process Name	Fusion	Solidification
Phase Change	Solid $\rightarrow$ Liquid	Liquid $\rightarrow$ Solid
Heat Exchange	Endothermic (Absorbs Heat)	Exothermic (Releases Heat)

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