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Which of the following hormones is responsible for raising blood glucose levels during stress or fight-or-flight response?
Adrenaline
Glucagon
Insulin
Growth hormone
Growth hormone
Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals, thereby promoting the growth of all organs and tissues of the body.
Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals, thereby promoting the growth of all organs and tissues of the body.
Growth hormone acts like a master general contractor for a building project, supervising and supplying materials so that every room, floor, and foundation (every organ and tissue) expands and develops proportionally during childhood and adolescence.
GHRH releases GH, which Makes Everyone Grow taller and bigger.
GH \rightarrow Liver\rightarrow IGF-1\rightarrow \text{Cell Proliferation & Organ Growth}
Growth hormone exerts its effects primarily by binding to growth hormone receptors on target cells. This activates intracellular signaling cascades (such as the JAK2/STAT5 pathway), which in turn stimulate the liver and other tissues to secrete Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 directly mediates anabolic processes like protein synthesis, chondrocyte proliferation in bone plates, and visceral organ enlargement.
Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by somatotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
It acts directly on tissues or indirectly through IGF-1 (somatomedin C).
Abnormal oversecretion in children leads to gigantism, while deficiency leads to dwarfism.
In adults, excess GH causes acromegaly.
Promotes balanced physical development during growth years
Regulates body composition, muscle mass, and bone density
Hypersecretion causes acromegaly or pituitary gigantism
Hyposecretion results in pituitary dwarfism
Pediatric growth failure treatment using recombinant human GH
Management of adult growth hormone deficiency syndromes
Adrenaline regulates fight-or-flight responses.
Glucagon increases blood glucose levels by glycogenolysis.
Insulin decreases blood glucose levels and promotes glucose uptake in cells.
D is correct тАФ Growth hormone stimulates the growth and development of all organs and tissues in the body.
Remember that while insulin regulates metabolism and adrenaline manages acute stress, growth hormone is the primary master regulator responsible for structural growth and organ enlargement throughout childhood and adolescence.
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