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Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts and decide which conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the given statements. Statements: Some books are trees. All trees are mats. All mats are ponds. Conclusions: (I) Some ponds are books. (II) Some mats are books.
Neither conclusion (I) nor (II) follows.
Both conclusions (I) and (II) follow.
Only conclusion (I) follows.
Only conclusion (II) follows.
Both conclusions (I) and (II) follow.
In syllogisms, if there is a chain of 'All' statements (All A are B, All B are C), any 'Some' relationship between the extreme terms (A and C) or intermediate terms (A and B) must logically follow.
In syllogisms, if there is a chain of 'All' statements (All A are B, All B are C), any 'Some' relationship between the extreme terms (A and C) or intermediate terms (A and B) must logically follow.
Establish the Relationships
From the statements: (1) Books intersect Trees. (2) All Trees are inside Mats. (3) All Mats are inside Ponds. Therefore, the order of containment is: Trees тЖТ Mats тЖТ Ponds.
Evaluate Conclusion I
Some books are trees, and all trees are inside Ponds (as they are inside Mats, which are inside Ponds). Thus, the part of books that are trees must also be in ponds. Conclusion I follows.
Evaluate Conclusion II
Some books are trees, and all trees are inside Mats. Therefore, the part of books that are trees must also be in mats. Conclusion II follows.
A: Only (I) is incorrect because (II) also follows. C: Neither is incorrect because both logically follow. D: Only (II) is incorrect because (I) also follows.
B is correct because the hierarchy established (Books-Trees-Mats-Ponds) ensures that the subset of books identified as trees inherently resides within both mats and ponds.
In 'All/Some' chains, always draw the innermost set first. If X is a subset of Y, and Y is a subset of Z, then any portion of X is automatically a portion of both Y and Z.
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