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Who among the following discovered the nucleus of an atom?
J Chadwick
E Rutherford
Neils Bohr
JJ Thomson
E Rutherford
The atomic nucleus was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1911 through the famous gold foil experiment (also known as the Geiger-Marsden experiment). He observed that a small fraction of alpha particles were deflected at large angles or bounced back, indicating that the positive charge and most of the mass of an atom are concentrated in a tiny, dense central region.
The atomic nucleus was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1911 through the famous gold foil experiment (also known as the Geiger-Marsden experiment). He observed that a small fraction of alpha particles were deflected at large angles or bounced back, indicating that the positive charge and most of the mass of an atom are concentrated in a tiny, dense central region.
Think of it like firing a stream of tennis balls at a hidden, dense bowling ball behind a curtain; most balls pass through holes, but the few that hit the solid object bounce back directly toward the source, revealing its presence.
Rutherford = Nucleus; Bohr = Orbits; Thomson = Electrons; Chadwick = Neutrons.
FcтАЛ=4╧А╧╡0тАЛ1тАЛтЛЕr2q1тАЛq2тАЛтАЛ тАФ Coulomb's law describing the electrostatic force of repulsion between the nucleus and alpha particle
Rutherford bombarded a thin sheet of gold foil with positively charged alpha particles (4He2+). While most particles passed through undeflected (suggesting the atom is mostly empty space), some were deflected, proving the existence of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus that exerts a strong electrostatic repulsive force on the approaching alpha particles.
Most of the atom's volume is empty space.
The nucleus carries the entire positive charge of the atom.
The mass of the atom is almost entirely located within the nucleus.
Electrons revolve around the nucleus at large distances.
Foundation of modern quantum atomic models
Understanding of radioactive decay and alpha-particle scattering
Ernest Rutherford was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for his work on radioactivity.
Option A (J Chadwick) discovered the neutron in 1932.
Option C (Neils Bohr) proposed the quantized orbit model in 1913.
Option D (JJ Thomson) discovered the electron and proposed the Plum Pudding model.
B is correct тАФ Ernest Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus through his gold foil scattering experiment.
Always link the scientist to their specific discovery: Thomson (Electron), Rutherford (Nucleus), Bohr (Orbits), and Chadwick (Neutron).
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