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Who developed the planetary model of the atom with electrons orbiting the nucleus in discrete energy levels?
Ernest Rutherford
J.J. Thomson (Joseph John Thomson)
Niels Bohr
Dmitri Mendeleev
Niels Bohr
Niels Bohr developed the planetary model of the atom in 1913, postulating that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific, quantized energy levels (or shells). This model improved upon Ernest Rutherford's nuclear model by explaining why electrons do not spiral into the nucleus, as they are restricted to stable orbits.
Niels Bohr developed the planetary model of the atom in 1913, postulating that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific, quantized energy levels (or shells). This model improved upon Ernest Rutherford's nuclear model by explaining why electrons do not spiral into the nucleus, as they are restricted to stable orbits.
Think of a ladder where you can only stand on the rungs (discrete energy levels) and never in the space between the rungs.
Bohr = 'B' for 'Bands' or 'Brackets' of energy.
EnтАЛ=тИТn213.6Z2тАЛ┬аeV тАФ Energy of the electron in the nth orbit
L=mvr=2╧АnhтАЛ тАФ Bohr's quantization condition for angular momentum
The Bohr model suggests that electrons move in circular orbits around a central nucleus. Each orbit has a fixed energy, and an electron can only exist in these discrete 'stationary states' without emitting radiation. Transition between these levels occurs when an electron absorbs or emits a photon with energy equal to the difference between the two levels: ╬ФE=E2тАЛтИТE1тАЛ=h╬╜.
Electrons travel in fixed circular orbits (shells).
Energy is emitted or absorbed only when an electron jumps between these shells.
The model explains the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom.
It is a precursor to quantum mechanics, introducing the concept of quantization.
Successfully explained the stability of atoms.
Correctly predicted the Rydberg formula and hydrogen spectrum.
Failed to explain the spectra of multi-electron atoms.
Could not explain the fine structure of spectral lines (Zeeman and Stark effects).
Violates the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
Basis for understanding atomic emission spectra.
Foundation for laser technology and quantum physics.
Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus via the gold foil experiment.
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron and proposed the 'Plum Pudding' model.
Dmitri Mendeleev is famous for the creation of the Periodic Table.
C is correct тАФ Niels Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in discrete energy levels to explain atomic stability.
Always distinguish between Rutherford (nucleus discovery) and Bohr (energy level quantization) as they are the most common points of confusion in this topic.
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