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Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell?
Golgi apparatus
Plastids
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouse of the cell' because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as a source of chemical energy. They function through the process of aerobic cellular respiration.
Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouse of the cell' because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used as a source of chemical energy. They function through the process of aerobic cellular respiration.
Just as a power plant burns fuel to generate electricity for a city, mitochondria 'burn' glucose (via oxidation) to generate ATP for cellular activities.
Mitochondria: M for 'Main Energy Factory'.
C6тАЛH12тАЛO6тАЛ+6O2тАЛтЖТ6CO2тАЛ+6H2тАЛO+Energy(ATP) тАФ The overall equation for aerobic respiration occurring within the mitochondria.
Mitochondria carry out the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs cycle) and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Through the electron transport chain, they create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, driving the enzyme ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate: ADP+PiтАЛтЖТATP. This process requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
Mitochondria possess their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory.
They are double-membrane organelles, with the inner membrane folded into structures called cristae to increase surface area.
They play a crucial role in regulating cellular metabolism and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Efficient production of ATP for energy-demanding cellular processes.
Ability to self-replicate via binary fission.
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as metabolic byproducts which can lead to cellular damage.
Muscle contraction (high mitochondrial density).
Active transport across cell membranes.
Golgi apparatus is primarily involved in the packaging and secretion of proteins.
Plastids (like chloroplasts) are the sites of photosynthesis in plants.
Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis (Rough ER) and lipid synthesis (Smooth ER).
C is correct тАФ Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for ATP production through aerobic respiration.
Always link the term 'powerhouse' directly to ATP production; this is a high-frequency question in almost all competitive biology sections.
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