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Consider the following statements about a mixture and determine which of the statements is/are correct:
A mixture has a variable composition.
In compounds, the composition of each new substance is always fixed.
A mixture shows the properties of the constituent substances.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Only 1 and 2
1, 2 and 3
Only 1
Only 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3
A mixture is formed by physically combining two or more substances that retain their individual chemical identities, meaning they do not have a fixed composition and exhibit the properties of their constituents. In contrast, a chemical compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in a fixed mass ratio, resulting in a new substance with properties different from those of its components.
A mixture is formed by physically combining two or more substances that retain their individual chemical identities, meaning they do not have a fixed composition and exhibit the properties of their constituents. In contrast, a chemical compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in a fixed mass ratio, resulting in a new substance with properties different from those of its components.
Think of a fruit salad (mixture): you can add more apples or grapes, and they still taste like apples and grapes. Think of water (H2тАЛO) (compound): it is always made of exactly 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom, and it does not behave like hydrogen gas or oxygen gas individually.
Law┬аof┬аConstant┬аProportions:Mass┬аof┬аelement┬аA:Mass┬аof┬аelement┬аB=constant┬аfor┬аa┬аcompound
Mixtures are physically blended, allowing for variable ratios of components (e.g., salt water can be made more or less salty). Because no chemical bond is formed, constituents retain their original physical and chemical characteristics (e.g., iron filings in a sulfur mixture can still be attracted by a magnet). Compounds, however, undergo chemical reactions, creating a unique identity with fixed stoichiometry defined by the Law of Constant Proportions.
Mixtures have variable composition; compounds have fixed composition.
Components of a mixture retain their individual properties.
Constituents of a compound lose their individual properties to form a new substance.
Mixtures can be separated by physical methods; compounds require chemical methods.
Mixtures allow for customized compositions based on requirements (e.g., alloys like brass).
Compounds provide consistent, predictable chemical behavior.
Mixtures can be difficult to separate if the properties of constituents are very similar.
Compounds are complex to synthesize as they require specific chemical reactions.
Air is a mixture of gases used for respiration.
Water (H2тАЛO) is a compound essential for all known forms of life.
| Feature | Mixture | Compound |
|---|---|---|
Composition | Variable (Mixture) | Fixed (Compound) |
Properties | Shows properties of constituents | New set of properties |
Statement 1 is correct: Mixtures like solutions or alloys do not have fixed formulas.
Statement 2 is correct: Compounds obey the Law of Definite Proportions (e.g., CO2тАЛ is always 1:2 ratio by atoms).
Statement 3 is correct: For example, in a salt-sugar mixture, both retain their sweetness and saltiness respectively.
Official Answer Key B indicates all three statements are accurate.
B is correct тАФ all three provided statements correctly describe the fundamental differences between mixtures and compounds.
Remember that physical separation (filtration, evaporation) is used for mixtures, while chemical synthesis or electrolysis is required for compounds.
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