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Which of the following statements is/are correct related to transportation? (i) Arteries are the vessels which carry blood away from the heart to various organs of the body. (ii) The arteries have thin and elastic walls. (iii) Veins have valves that ensure that blood flows only in one direction.
Only (i)
Only (i) and (iii)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
Only (i) and (ii)
Only (i) and (iii)
Statement (i) is correct because arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues. Statement (iii) is also correct because veins contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood as it returns to the heart under lower pressure.
Statement (i) is correct because arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues. Statement (iii) is also correct because veins contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood as it returns to the heart under lower pressure.
Think of an artery as a high-pressure fire hose that needs thick walls to stop it from bursting, and a vein as a low-pressure garden hose with check-valves that stop water from flowing backwards if the tap is turned off.
A.W.A.Y (Arteries Work Away from heart); V.I.V.A (Veins In, Valves Always).
╬ФP=Q├ЧR тАФ where the pressure difference (╬ФP) in the systemic circuit drives the blood flow (Q) through vascular resistance (R).
Arteries possess thick, elastic, muscular walls to withstand the high pressure generated by ventricular systole. Conversely, veins have thinner, less elastic walls and rely on internal, one-way semilunar valves and skeletal muscle contraction to facilitate unidirectional blood flow against gravity back to the heart.
Arteries generally carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary artery).
Veins generally carry deoxygenated blood (except the pulmonary vein).
Capillaries are the site of exchange, where blood vessels are only one cell thick.
Thick arterial walls maintain blood pressure between heart beats.
Venous valves ensure efficient return of blood despite low hydrostatic pressure.
Blood pressure measurement using the brachial artery.
Intravenous injections administered into surface veins.
| Feature | Arteries | Veins |
|---|---|---|
Wall thickness | Thick and muscular | Thin |
Valves | Absent (except at heart base) | Present |
Statement (ii) is incorrect because arteries have thick, elastic walls to handle high pressure, not thin ones.
The pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood, and the pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood.
B is correct тАФ Statements (i) and (iii) accurately describe the functional and anatomical characteristics of human circulatory vessels.
Always remember that in biology, 'artery' is defined by the direction of flow (away from the heart), not the oxygen content, which is a common trap in entrance exams.
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