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Select the option that shows all biodegradable substances.
Eggshells, Tea leaves, Potato peelings
Bubble packs, Vegetable peelings, Stale bread
Glass bottle, Milk packets, Egg shells, Banana peel
Medicine bottle, Old shoe, Stale biscuits
Eggshells, Tea leaves, Potato peelings
Option A contains eggshells, tea leaves, and potato peelings, all of which are organic materials that can be easily decomposed by biological microorganisms. Substances that decay naturally through biological processes into harmless substances are called biodegradable.
Option A contains eggshells, tea leaves, and potato peelings, all of which are organic materials that can be easily decomposed by biological microorganisms. Substances that decay naturally through biological processes into harmless substances are called biodegradable.
Think of biodegradable waste as fresh food for microscopic organisms (bacteria and fungi). Non-biodegradable waste (like plastics or glass) is like smooth metal or stone that microbes cannot eat or break down, no matter how much time passes.
B-I-O (Bacteria Intakes Organic waste)
Organic┬аWaste+Microorganisms+O2тАЛтЖТCO2тАЛ+H2тАЛO+Humus+Energy тАФ Aerobic Decomposition Process
Biodegradable materials consist of organic compounds (such as cellulose, proteins, and carbohydrates) derived from living organisms. Decomposers like bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes secrete enzymes that hydrolyze these complex organic polymers into simpler inorganic substances like water, carbon dioxide, methane, and nutrient-rich humus.
Biodegradable substances are degraded into natural inorganic elements through natural biological processes.
Eggshells (composed of calcium carbonate and organic membranes), tea leaves, and vegetable peelings are organic plant/animal products.
Non-biodegradable items include plastics (bubble packaging, milk packets), glass bottles, and synthetic rubber.
Composting converts biodegradable waste into organic manure, enhancing soil fertility.
Enriches soil quality by producing nutrient-dense compost.
Reduces overall landfill accumulation and greenhouse gas emissions when properly managed.
Can be converted into green energy sources such as biogas.
Improper dumping causes foul odors and attracts disease-carrying vectors.
Anaerobic decomposition produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
Organic farming and vermicomposting.
Biogas generation plants (anaerobic digestion).
| Feature | Biodegradable Waste | Non-Biodegradable Waste |
|---|---|---|
Decomposition Agent | Biological microorganisms (bacteria/fungi) | Slow physical/chemical weathering (UV, temperature) |
Environmental Impact | Eco-friendly, enriches soil nutrients | Causes land/water pollution and bioaccumulation |
Timeframe | Days to a few months | Hundreds to thousands of years |
Eggshells consist predominantly of CaCO3тАЛ bound in an organic matrix, which easily breaks down in soil.
Option B is incorrect because 'Bubble packs' (made of polyethylene plastic) are non-biodegradable.
Option C is incorrect because 'Glass bottle' and 'Milk packets' (polyethylene) are non-biodegradable.
Option D is incorrect because 'Medicine bottle' (glass/plastic) is non-biodegradable.
A is correct тАФ Eggshells, tea leaves, and potato peelings are all completely organic substances that undergo biological breakdown by decomposers.
In ecology questions, check the origin of each item: products directly derived from plants or animals (cellulose, starch, proteins, calcium carbonate) are biodegradable, whereas synthetics, plastics, metals, and glass are non-biodegradable.
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