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Substances that are broken down by the action of microorganisms into simpler substances are known as:
Non-biodegradable
Biodegradable
Inorganic
Synthetic
Biodegradable
Biodegradable substances are organic materials that can be naturally decomposed by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. This biological process breaks down complex organic matter into simpler, stable substances like carbon dioxide, water, and minerals.
Biodegradable substances are organic materials that can be naturally decomposed by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. This biological process breaks down complex organic matter into simpler, stable substances like carbon dioxide, water, and minerals.
Think of biodegradable waste like a fruit peel composting in your garden; nature uses tiny 'recycling agents' (microbes) to turn it into rich soil, whereas plastic is like a piece of indestructible metal that sits there for centuries.
BIO (Biological) + DEGRADABLE (Break Down) = Life-based substances broken down.
Organic┬аMatter+O2тАЛMicrobesтАЛCO2тАЛ+H2тАЛO+Energy тАФ The general aerobic decomposition reaction.
The process involves enzymatic hydrolysis where microorganisms secrete extracellular enzymes to break down large macromolecules into smaller monomers. These monomers are then absorbed by the microbial cells and processed through metabolic pathways such as the Krebs cycle, ultimately mineralizing the waste into inorganic compounds that re-enter the soil ecosystem.
Biodegradable materials are primarily organic in origin, such as plant and animal matter.
The rate of decomposition depends on moisture, temperature, and oxygen availability.
Decomposition helps in nutrient cycling, returning essential elements like Nitrogen and Phosphorus to the soil.
Reduces the volume of waste in landfills.
Provides essential nutrients to the soil through humus formation.
Lowers the environmental footprint by completing natural cycles.
Anaerobic decomposition of biodegradable waste in landfills can release methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
Improper management can attract pests and pathogens.
Composting of kitchen and garden waste.
Sewage treatment processes using activated sludge.
| Feature | Non-biodegradable | Biodegradable |
|---|---|---|
Decomposition Nature | Inert/Persistent | Biological breakdown |
Non-biodegradable substances include plastics, synthetic fibers, and heavy metals that persist in the environment for years.
Option A is incorrect as non-biodegradable substances resist microbial action. Option C refers to chemical nature, not ecological degradability. Option D refers to human-made compounds which are often non-biodegradable.
B is correct тАФ Biodegradable substances are those that are broken down by biological processes into simpler components.
In exams, look for keywords like 'enzymatic', 'microbes', or 'organic matter' when identifying biodegradable substances; if you see terms like 'persistent', 'synthetic', or 'heavy metals', they likely describe non-biodegradable waste.