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The density of soil mass is expressed in
kg/m2
kg/m3
N/m2
N/m3
kg/m3
Density (or mass density) of a soil mass is defined as the mass per unit volume of the soil sample. As mass is measured in kilograms (kg) and volume in cubic meters (m┬│), the SI unit for density is kg/m┬│.
Density (or mass density) of a soil mass is defined as the mass per unit volume of the soil sample. As mass is measured in kilograms (kg) and volume in cubic meters (m┬│), the SI unit for density is kg/m┬│.
╧Б=VMтАЛ тАФ where ╧Б is the density, M is the mass, and V is the total volume of soil mass.
In soil mechanics, the mass of a soil sample (comprising solids, water, and air) is measured using a balance, and its total volume is determined by methods such as the core cutter or sand replacement method. The ratio of the total mass (M) to the total volume (V) gives the bulk density (╧Б),which reflects the packing state of the soil particles and voids.
Density is a measure of how tightly soil particles are packed together.
Bulk density depends on the degree of saturation and void ratio.
Unit weight (╬│) is related to density by ╬│=╧БтЛЕg, where gтЙИ9.81m/s2.
Useful for calculating total overburden pressure.
Essential for stability analysis of foundations and embankments.
Does not distinguish between mass of solids and mass of pore water directly.
Varies with moisture content, hence dry density is often preferred for compaction control.
Determining the bearing capacity of soils.
Quality control in earthwork construction and compaction testing.
N/m┬│ refers to 'Unit Weight' (╬│=╧Бg), which is also used in soil mechanics but represents weight density rather than mass density.
Option A (kg/m┬▓) is dimensionally incorrect for density as it represents surface density.
B is correct тАФ The SI unit for density is mass (kg) per unit volume (m┬│), resulting in kg/m┬│.
Always differentiate between 'Density' (kg/m3) and 'Unit Weight' (kN/m3) in exams; confusing the two is a common source of negative marking.