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Examoogle • User • info@examoogle.com • EE-2024-8821
Chapter 1 of 12 • Page 1 of 248🔒 Protected PDF • Watermarked
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The departure of line is +ve so its terms called by____
Northing
Southing
Easting
Westing
Easting
In surveying, the Departure of a line represents its orthogonal projection onto the East-West axis. A positive value for Departure indicates that the line is oriented toward the East, while a negative value signifies orientation toward the West.
In surveying, the Departure of a line represents its orthogonal projection onto the East-West axis. A positive value for Departure indicates that the line is oriented toward the East, while a negative value signifies orientation toward the West.
D=L⋅sin(θ) — Departure calculation formula
The Departure (D) of a line is calculated using the formula D=L⋅sin(θ), where L is the length of the line and θ is the reduced bearing. Since the sine function is positive in the first and second quadrants (East direction) and negative in the third and fourth quadrants (West direction), the sign of the departure directly indicates the cardinal direction relative to the survey meridian.
Departure is the projection of a traverse line on the East-West axis.
Latitude is the projection of a traverse line on the North-South axis (L⋅cos(θ)).
Positive Departure = Easting; Negative Departure = Westing.
Positive Latitude = Northing; Negative Latitude = Southing.
Essential for calculating closing errors in traverse surveying.
Used for computing coordinates of survey stations.
Calculation is dependent on the accurate determination of bearings.
Requires proper quadrant identification for sign consistency.
Plotting survey maps.
Adjusting closed traverses using the Transit or Bowditch rule.
Departure is also known as 'Total Easting' or 'Total Westing' depending on the sign.
Option A (Northing) and B (Southing) relate to Latitude calculations, not Departure.
C is correct — A positive departure indicates the line is displaced toward the East, referred to as Easting.
Remember the mnemonic 'Sine is for Side' (Departure) and 'Cosine is for Column' (Latitude) to avoid mixing up the trigonometric functions during calculations.